If you'd like to upload content to the library which is in line with the aims of the site or will otherwise be of interest to libcom users, please check out our guides to submitting library/history articles and tagging articles. One of the driving forces in immigration to the United States is the search for good jobs. National Labor Union Founded. In subsequent decades the law is expanded and improved upon many times, for instance by raising the federal minimum wage and by expanding coverage to some farm workers (in 1966). The police beat mothers, children, and pregnant women, which so inflames national sentiment that Congress holds investigative hearings that reveal the terrible conditions at the Lawrence mills. By the time the colossal strike is crushed by state militias, police forces, and federal troops—after 45 days of fierce resistance by workers—a hundred people have been killed and 100,000 workers have gone on strike. It is the only union at the time to welcome all people into its ranks, including immigrants, women, and African-Americans. At length the UTW calls off the strike, which ends in total failure. 1932: Norris-La Guardia Act is passed First longshoremen, then sailors and other maritime workers, in every port on the West Coast go on strike for union recognition, a coast-wide contract, and a union-controlled hiring hall. It is a great victory for organized labor, anticipating the more comprehensive Wagner Act of 1935. Florida International University Center for Labor Research & Studies

1911 Triangle Shirtwaist factory in fire in New York kills nearly 150 workers, 1945 Frances Perkins ends her long tenure as secretary of labor, leaving behind a legacy that reduced workplace accidents, created laws against child labor and expanded workers' rights, 1970 Occupational Safety and Health Act passed. April 20, 1914: Ludlow massacre This was the first national organization, but at the time of its creation, some 200,000 local labor unions already existed. After a brutal police action a couple months into the strike, dozens of unions in San Francisco vote for a general strike, which lasts four days. 1985: Hormel Foods strike Centre for Labour Studies, Adelaide, Australia Late 1960s–1970s: United Farm Workers organizes workers in California The NLU is the first national labor federation in the United States, dedicated in large part to fighting for the eight-hour day. The IWW takes over leadership of the strike and establishes several innovative practices, such as sending strikers’ children to sympathizers in other states who will temporarily care for them. Cabinet, 1963 Equal Pay Act bans wage discrimination based on gender, 1974 Coalition of Labor Union Women founded, 2009  President Barack Obama signs the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, which restored the rights of working women to sue over pay discrimination. Fighting for the rights of immigrant workers has long been part of the labor movement. ▶ Get 'recent posts' refreshed more regularly The organization falls apart during the depression of the 1870s. While not strictly a labor action, this series of protests initiating in New York City and spreading around the world continues the post-NAFTA tradition of organized labor’s allying itself with other progressive forces to achieve common ends. The AFL is founded as a craft-union-based alternative to the Knights of Labor, and accordingly takes a relatively conservative approach to labor activism.

University of Minnesota Labor Education Service, New Jersey  Penn State University Department of Labor Studies and Employment Relations, Rhode Island  July 2, 1890: Passage of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act February–June, 2011: Protests in Madison, Wisconsin Eventually the company agrees to nearly all the workers’ demands, thus furthering the unionization of the garment industry.
July 2, 1964: Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act The strike becomes a media sensation and leads to a national boycott of Hormel products, but in the end the workers cannot hold out against the opposition of their parent union (the United Food and Commercial Workers) and Hormel’s determination to defeat them. Here's a somewhat truncated timeline of U.S. labor history I wrote for an exhibit at the Hull House in Chicago. Local 574 of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters strikes for union recognition and its right to speak for all of its members. But injustice still runs amok. 1909: Shirtwaist strike in New York November 30–December 1, 1999: Seattle protests occur against the World Trade Organization The pent-up frustrations of the war years, primary among them wage grievances, erupt in this rank-and-file upsurge met by repression that is not nearly as serious as in 1919. April–June, 1934: Toledo Auto-Lite strike Bureau of Labor Statistics Begins Collecting Employment Data June 27, 1884 Before there was a Labor Department, there was The Bureau of Labor Statistics. Working people don't work forever. The North American Free Trade Agreement between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico continues the neoliberal attack on workers and unions (under the guise of promoting “free markets”). 1619 The first labor strike on American soil was organized and staged by Polish workers and artisans in Jamestown, 1677 First recorded prosecution against strikers in New York City, 1791 First strike in building trades by Philadelphia carpenters for a 10-hour day Bill of Rights adopted, 1835 General strike for 10-hour day in Philadelphia, 1843 Lowell Female Labor Reform Association begins public petitioning for 10-hour day, 1847 New Hampshire enacts first state 10-hour-day law, 1860 Great shoemaker’s strike in New England, 1885 Successful strike by Knights of Labor on the Southwest (or Gould) System; the Missouri Pacific; the Missouri, Kansas and Texas; and the Wabash, 1886 General strike in Chicago turns bloody in Haymarket Square; seven “anarchists” charged and sentenced to death, 1890 Carpenters President Peter J. McGuire and the union strike and win the eight-hour day for some 28,000 members, 1892  Iron and steelworkers union defeated in lockout at Homestead, Pennsylvania, 1892 Integrated general strike in New Orleans succeeds, 1894  Boycott of Pullman sleeping cars leads to general strike on railroads, 1903 To improve enforcement of child labor laws, Mother Jones organizes a children's march from Philadelphia to New York, 1914 Ludlow Massacre of 13 women and children and seven men in Colorado coal miners’ strike, 1919 One of every five workers walked out in wave of nationwide strikes, including national clothing, coal and steel strikes, a general strike in Seattle, and a police strike in Boston, 1937 Auto Workers win sit-down strike against General Motors in Flint, Michigan. Perhaps the most significant event in the early backlash against the New Deal and its empowerment of unions, the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act rolls back many of the advances labor has gained by the Wagner Act. Youngest 17 years old. June 23, 1947: Congress passes the Taft-Hartley Act 1919: Postwar strike wave It prohibits sex discrimination in the payment of wages, thus allowing women’s pay to rise dramatically in the next fifty years (though on average it remains lower than men’s). The first nationwide strike stops trains across the country. 1866: Founding of the National Labor Union Michigan State University School of Human Resources and Labor Relations The labor movement works to ensure working people receive a fair return on their work. Institute for Labor Studies & Research, West Virginia 
The labor history timeline highlights the key events and the people who helped bring about radical changes in the workplace and society. The labor movement has fought and still fights to make this dream true for as many as possible. In a subsequent trial much criticized for its lack of objectivity, eight anarchists are convicted of conspiracy (though not of throwing the bomb), seven of whom are sentenced to death. Chicago police shoot and kill ten unarmed demonstrators (injuring many others) in a crowd of hundreds who have gathered to protest the refusal of small steel manufacturers to negotiate with SWOC. 1619 Slaves from Africa first imported to colonies, 1664 First slavery codes begin trend of making African servants slaves for life, 1676 Bacon’s Rebellion of servants and slaves in Virginia, 1800 Gabriel Prosser’s slave insurrection in Virginia, 1865 Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution abolishes slavery, 1870 Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution adopted; states the right to vote may not be abrogated by color, 1925 A. Philip Randolph helps create the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, 1941 A. Philip Randolph threatens march on Washington to protest racial discrimination in defense jobs, 1963 March on Washington for jobs and justice, 1964 Civil Rights Act bans institutional forms of racial discrimination, 1965 AFL-CIO forms A. Philip Randolph Institute, 1965 César Chávez forms AFL-CIO United Farm Workers Organizing Committee, 1968 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee, during sanitation workers' strike, 1972 Coalition of Black Trade Unionists formed, 1992 Asian Pacific American Labor Alliance created within AFL-CIO, 1997 Pride At Work, a national coalition of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender workers and their supporters, becomes an AFL-CIO constituency group; AFL-CIO membership renewed growth.

1930. Introduction. The Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO) goes on strike for better working conditions and higher pay. If you have an ebook reader or a Kindle, check out our guide to using ebook readers with libcom.org.

President Reagan fires the 11,000 employees who have ignored his order to return to work, essentially destroying PATCO and signaling to employers that it’s open season on unions. The response by business and government is the “Red Scare,” or demonization of strikers as Communists.

1866: Founding of the National Labor Union. The conflict escalates as Frick tries to break the strike with the help of 300 Pinkerton “detectives”—effectively a private army—but a bloody battle ensues between them and the townspeople of Homestead.


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